Background and Aim: Auditory Temporal Resolution skill is calculated according to the minimum required time to analyze or integrate acoustic events. This skill, which is essential for speech perception, was evaluated by gap detection tests. The aim of this study was to determine the presence or absence of any differences between the right and left ear in the gap detection test.Method: After performing auditory tests to rule out any hearing loss or auditory processing disorders, the gap detection test was administered to 40 adults.Results: Gap detection thresholds were 5.35 ms and 5.30 ms in the right and left ear, respectively, and the average correct answers percentages were 69.03% and 68.03% in the right and left ear, respectively. According to these data, results were similar for both ears.Conclusion: There is no laterality in Temporal Resolution tasks. However, we cannot generalize the results of the present study as being applicable to the whole society.

Background and Aim: Many aspects and features of auditory system can be improved by musical training. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a stringed musical instrument playing course on Temporal Resolution and Temporal fine structure (TFS) processing. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 44 normal-hearing adults aged 20–, 40 years divided to two groups. The first group included 22 stringed musical instruments players (13 males) with at least three years of experience, and the second group were 22 non-players (13 males). The random gap detection test (RGDT) was used to measure Temporal Resolution aspect of hearing. For TFS processing, latest version of Temporal fine structure-adaptive frequency (TFS-AF) test was used. Results: The TFS-AF results showed no statistically significant difference between groups in different interaural phase differences (IPDs). The RGDT results showed significant differences between groups at 500, 1000 and 2000 Hz, but not at 4000 Hz. Spearman correlation test results showed no statistically significant correlation between the results of TFS-AF and RGDT. Conclusion: Musical training has no effect on TFS processing but considerably enhances gap detection ability. Their underlying mechanisms for TFS processing and gap detection are different.

Background and Aim: Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is one of the most frequent epileptic syndromes in adults. Some patients with epilepsy, especially TLE, have central auditory disorders, such as Temporal processing, even though they have normal peripheral auditory function. The Gaps-in-Noise (GIN) test is one of the new tests for assessing auditory Temporal Resolution. The aim of this study was to evaluate Temporal Resolution ability in patients with unilateral Temporal lobe epilepsy.Methods: In this cross-sectional and descriptive-analytic study, 25 subjects with Temporal lobe epilepsy (11 patients with right Temporal lobe epilepsy and 14 patients with left Temporal lobe epilepsy) and 18 normal control subjects of 15 to 50 years of age were assessed by the GIN test. Parameters of GIN test were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and compared between the three groups.Results: There was a significant difference in the mean of approximate threshold and percentage of correct answer in GIN test in the right ear, left ear, and mean of both ears between patients with Temporal lobe epilepsy and normal subjects (p<0.05). However, difference between right and left Temporal lobe epilepsy groups were not significant (p>0.05).Conclusion: The lower percentage of correct answer and higher approximate threshold in patients with Temporal lobe epilepsy in comparison with the normal control group revealed Temporal processing deficiencies especially in Temporal Resolution abilities. This may be due to involvement of structures related to Temporal processing.

Objective: Temporal Resolution refers to the shortest time spent for analyzing a sound stimulus.In the present study, Temporal Resolution ability was compared between young, normal Persian language monolingual and Turkish-Persian bilingual adults.Method: In this descriptive-analytical study, subjects were 22 Persian–language monolinguals (10 boys, 12 girls) and 29 Turkish-Persian bilinguals (13 boys, 16 girls) with ages ranging from 18 to 25 years old. Temporal Resolution ability was assessed by gap detection test in four 10-dB steps and analyzed based on language/s, sex and age factors.Results: Gap detection thresholds (GDTs) of both groups were improved by increasing stimulus level, and a significant difference was shown between mean GDTs of the two studied groups in 10 and 20 dB (<0.05). In all cases, age and sex did not influence the test results.Conclusion: It seems that Turkish-Persian bilingual listeners have lower Temporal Resolution ability in comparison with Persian–language monolinguals.

Objective: Speech perception difficulties in aged people are usually shown in adverse auditory conditions like a high background noise that decreases speech Temporal Resolution. In our study, speech Temporal Resolution was compared between young and elderly adults via measurement of word discrimination score in both continuous and interrupted noises.Method: Monosyllabic word discrimination score in three signal to noise ratios of 10, 0 and -10 dB with continuous and interrupted noises was measured to determine effect of stimulus redundancy and speech Temporal Resolution among 30 young adults with the age range of 18 to 30 years old, and 32 elderly people with the age range of 60 to 80 years old with normal hearing of both genders.Results: A significant difference was shown between the word discrimination scores with the three signals to noise ratios of both continuous and interrupted noises in each group, and in both groups, too (p<0.011). Word discrimination score was lower in continuous than interrupted noises in both groups (p<0.001). Temporal Resolution was lower in aged people than in young adults in the three signals to noise ratios and significant in -10 dB level (p<0.001). Sex had no effect on the results.Conclusion: Lower function of elderly people with normal hearing in speech recognition in the presence of Temporal-modulated than continuous noises can be defined as their weak performance to use speech redundancy and free of noise. Our result reconfirms the effect of age on speech perception difficulties of elderly people than loss of hearing thresholds.

Background and Aim: Temporal Resolution refers to the ability of perceiving changes over time. This study was conducted to prepare Persian version of the Temporal Resolution test, which was first introduced by Phillips (1994) and Stuart (1996), and to obtain its results in 18 to 25 year old normal individuals of both genders.Methods: To construct the Persian version of the Temporal Resolution test, like the original version, speech stimuli, continuous and interrupted noises were used. Speech stimuli comprised four lists of fifty words-monosyllabic lists, which were presented to the right ears first in quietness and then with continuous and interrupted noises on S/Ns of -20, -10, 0, +10 dB. The test was performed on thirty three right handed healthy individuals (14 male and 19 female with the mean age 21.02, SD=1.7 year old) in written response mode.Results: Significant difference was shown between test scores in quiet with each of the continuous (p<0.0001) and interrupted (p≤0.0001) noises in four signal to noise ratios, and also between test scores of continuous and interrupted noise presentations (p<0.0001). No significant correlation was revealed between gender and test scores and age and test score and age in +10 dB S/N ratio.Conclusion: Conducting this test on a group of healthy individuals showed its application for measuring Temporal Resolution with speech stimuli.